Planck Length to the Observable Universe

First posted: March 4, 2012   Last update: February 26, 2015 Please note: These pages extend the very first overview of the Big Board-little universe (January 2012), as well as a working-draft for an article for the academic community that was written for Wikipedia and within Wikipedia (March 2012). At that time, the working assumption was that a base-2 chart from the Planck Units was out there in some academic journal; it just hadn’t yet been indexed by Google. Then, it seemed that Wikipedia would be a good place to get high schools working together to further develop this concept-rich environment that was being ignored. That was the early assumption in the early days of 2012. Our first draft for a working article was accepted and published early in April but then on May 3, 2012 a group of specialists within Wikipedia rejected it as “original research” and it was deleted. Another article for the general public (and perpetual students) was also written in March 2012 and was not accepted for publication. We are posting both as blogs on the web in an attempt to find out what was wrong with our simple logic, mathematics, and geometry. What is simple? … a point? Yet, by definition a point cannot have dimension. So then, is it a vertex? …a node? Could this area be a point-free geometry? What kind of singularity might these Planck Units be? The very first doublings are a key to understand all the doublings. Yet, without question, this analysis will be an on-going process for the foreseeable future. It is a rather idiosyncratic access path to attempt to grasp the nature of reality by positing a small-scale universe that amounts to a pre-structure of all structure, one that gives rise to nodes or vertices, edges or lines, triangles and a multiplicity of 3D objects, and then to stuff of the human scale. So, it seems we must begin with most simple, the Planck Units, particularly the Planck Length, and begin to see what we can see in the process of multiplying by two. This type of exponential growth is called base-2. It creates a scale or orders of magnitude, a doubling (categories, clusters, groups, layers, notations, sets, steps and more). Powers-of-two and Exponentiation based on the Planck length. Herein it is referred to as Base-2 Exponential Notation (B2). Can the universe, from the smallest to the largest, be seen in a more meaningful way using base-2 instead of base-ten scientific notation (B10) as used by Kees Boeke in 1957? B2 renders more granularity and a necessary relationality through imputed (instantiated) nested or combinatorial geometries. The project originated with a series of five high-school geometry classes in December 2011. In looking at the five platonic solids, particularly the tetrahedron, the question was asked, “How far within could we go before hitting the walls of measurement or knowledge? Then, how far can we go before hitting the Planck Length?” When we divided in half each of the six edges of a tetrahedron and connect those new vertices, we would find four half-sized tetrahedrons in each corner and an octahedron in the middle. Doing the same division within the octahedron, we find six half-sized octahedrons in each corner and eight tetrahedrons, one in each face. Within each object, we once assumed that we could divide those edges in half forever. Yet, unlike the limitless paradox introduced by Zeno (ca. 490 BC – ca. 430 BC), we had learned that the smallest conceptual measurement of a length within space and time was defined mathematically in and around 1899 by Max Planck. Though the Planck Constant, and Planck Length particularly, have not been universally accepted within the scientific community, it is a powerful concept based upon some of the most basic fundamentals of physics. The Planck length is so small, it is written using exponential notation. The number is 1.616199(97)x10-35 meters. As a starting point we looked at many of the online references to the Planck length. In March 2012, there were just 276 Google links to the number, 1.616199, (virtually none). In our last review there were over 140,000. Over the next few years, we suspect those references will grow even more substantially. It has to be one of the more important numbers within space and time. Professor Laurence Eaves of the University of Nottingham in England has a delightful YouTube video that explains this length that is used to define a point. In this simple exercise, take the Planck length and multiply it by 2, until we reach something that is measurable today (the diameter of a proton) and then to objects within the human scale, and finally to the edges of the Observable Universe. Mathematically, it will require somewhere over 200 notations or doublings. We arrived at several different numbers, one by a senior NASA scientist, now retired, and another by a French astrophysicist who gave us the figure of 205.1 notations (and he explains the difference – see footnote #5). In five columns, the first column is the base-ten notations. The second column is a Planck number based on the number of base-2 notations from the Planck length. The third column is the number of primary vertices, the powers of two. The fourth column is for the incremental increase in size (length). And, the fifth column will continue to be used for simple reflections. Notations: Clusters, Domains, Doublings, Groups, Layers, Sets
B10	B2	Primary vertices	Planck Length Multiples	Discussions, Examples, Information, Speculations:
1	0	2^0=1	1.616199(97)×10-35m	At the Planck Length, though it is a truly just a concept, let us take it as a given and that it is a special kind of vertex that is pointlike and a special kind of singularity. [Editor’s note: This page was compiled before the advice of Freeman Dyson was received that we should be using scaling laws and dimensional analysis, thus multiplying the vertices by 8.]
1	1	2^1=2	3.23239994×10-35m	At the first notation or doubling, there are two vertices or nodes, perhaps the shortest possible line or edge. Nobody knows where current string theory comes into play.This is a domain for speculative work, but we suspect even superstring theory as it is currently understood comes much later. Perhaps we can only say that a two-dimensional object, a simple circle and a possible sphere emerge here and with every subsequent doubling. One might say that this notation is a necessary condition or initial condition for every subsequent doubling. Perhaps this might be called source code.
1	2	2^2=4	6.46479988×10-35m	At the second notation there are four vertices or nodes. One might imagine that there are several logical possibilities yet within this speculative system, the simplest seems most logical. Three vertices form a triangle that define a plane and the fourth vertex forms a tetrahedron that defines the first three dimensions of space. Within the confines of the sphere, Pi or Π, that tetrahedron unfolds with the stacking of four equal spheres.
2	3	2^3=8	1.292959976×10-34m	At the third doubling there are eight vertices. Again, one might imagine that the activity is still based on the sphere. At some point the logical possibilities could possibly be expanded to include placing the vertices either inside the tetrahedron, on the edges of the tetrahedron or outside the tetrahedron. Again, it would seem that an octahedron and four tetrahedrons could readily begin to emerge. If added within (see the close-packing of equal spheres in Wikipedia), tetrahedral close-packed structures emerge. If added externally, with just three additional vertices, a tetrahedral pentagon is created of five tetrahedrons (picture to be added.
2	4	2^4=16	2.585919952×10-34m	At the fourth doubling there are sixteen vertices. If any one of the vertices were to become a center point, and 10 vertices are extended from it, a tetrahedral icosahedron chain begins to emerge (picture to be added). With twenty vertices a simple dodecahedron is possible. And with the icosahedron, all five platonic solids are accounted. Among the many possibilities, in another configuration, a cluster of four polytetrahedral clusters (a total of 20 tetrahedrons) begin to emerge and completes with twenty vertices (picture to be added). With the tetrahedron these vertices could also divide the edges of the internal four tetrahedrons and one octahedron. If the focus was entirely within the octahedron, the first shared center point of the octahedron would begin to be defined and by the 18th vertex of the fourteen internal parts, eight tetrahedrons (one in each face) and the six octahedrons (one in each corner) would be defined (picture to be added).
2	5	2^5=32	5.171839904×10-34m	At the fifth notation, there are 32 vertices. Here there is a possibility for a cluster of eight tetrahedral pentagons to emerge and complete with 34 vertices. Simple logic and the research within the work on cellular automaton suggest that the most simple possible structures emerge first
3	6	2^6=64	1.0343679808×10-33m	At the sixth notation, there are 64 vertices. With just 43 of these, a hexacontagon could be created. It has 12 polytetrahedral clusters with an icosahedron in the middle.
3	7	2^7=128	2.0687359616×10-33m	By the seventh doubling, the possibilities become more textured. The results are not. Simple exponential notation based on the power of two is well documented. Of course, by using base-2 exponential notation and starting at the Planck length, necessary relations might be intuited.
3	8	2^8=256	4.1374719232×10-33m	Geometric complexification will be discussed. The nature of the perfect fittings, octahedrons and tetrahedrons, and the imperfect fitting, tetrahedrons making a pentastar or icosahedron, need review.
3	9	2^9=512	8.2749438464×10-33m	In that pentastar the 7.368 degree spread — that is 1.54 steradians — increases within the icosahedron.
4	10	1024	1.65498876928×10-32m	_
4	11	2048	3.30997752836×10-32m	_
4	12	4096	6.61995505672×10-32m	_
5	13	8192	1.323991011344×10-31m	_
5	14	16,384	2.647982022688×10-31m	_
5	15	32,768	5.295964045376×10-31m	_
6	16	65,536	1.0591928090752×10-30m	_
6	17	131,072	2.1183856181504×10-30m	_
6	18	262,144	4.2367712363008×10-30m	_
6	19	524,288	8.4735424726016×10-30m	_
7	20	1,048,576	1.69470849452032×10-29m	_
7	21	2,097,152	3.38941698904064×10-29m	more information
7	22	4,194,304	6.77883397808128×10-29m	_
8	23	8,388,608	1.355766795616256×10-28m	_
8	24	16,777,216	2.711533591232512×10-28m	_
8	25	33,554,432	5.423067182465024×10-28m	_
9	26	67,108,864	1.0846134364930048×10-27m	_
9	27	134,217,728	2.1692268729860096×10-27m
9	28	268,435,456	4.3384537459720192×10-27m	_
9	29	536,870,912	8.6769074919440384×10-27m	_
10	30	1,073,741,824	1.73538149438880768×10-26m	_
10	31	2,147,483,648	3.47076299879961536×10-26m	_
10	32	4,294,967,296	6.94152599×10-26m	_
11	33	8,589,934,592	1.3883052×10-25m	_
11	34	1.7179869×1011	2.7766104×10-25m	Actual number: 17,179,869,184 vertices
11	35	3.4359738×1011	5.5532208×10-25m	34,359,738,368
12	36	6.8719476×1011	1.11064416×10-24m	68,719,476,736
12	37	1.3743895×1012	2.22128832×10-24m	137,438,953,472
12	38	2.7487790×1012	4.44257664×10-24m	274,877,906,944
12	39	5.4975581×1011	8.88515328×10-24m	549,755,813,888
13	40	1.0995116×1012	1.77703066×10-23m	1,099,511,627,776
13	41	2.1990232×1012	3.55406132×10-23m	2,199,023,255,552
13	42	4.3980465×1012	7.10812264×10-23m	4,398,046,511,104
14	43	8.7960930×1012	1.42162453×10-22m	8,796,093,022,208
14	44	1.7592186×1013	2.84324906×10-22m	17,592,186,044,416
14	45	3.5184372×1013	5.68649812×10-22m	35,184,372,088,832
15	46	7.0368744×1013	1.13729962×10-21m	70,368,744,177,664
15	47	1.4073748×1014	2.27459924×10-21m	140,737,488,355,328
15	48	2.8147497×1014	4.54919848×10-21m	281,474,976,710,656
15	49	5.6294995×1014	9.09839696×10-21m	562,949,953,421,312
16	50	1.12589988×1015	1.81967939×10-20m	1,125,899,906,842,624
16	51	2.25179981×1015	3.63935878×10-20m	2,251,799,813,685,248
16	52	4.50359962×1015	7.27871756×10-20m	4,503,599,627,370,496
17	53	9.00719925×1015	1.45574351×10-19m	9,007,199,254,740,992
17	54	1.80143985×1016	2.91148702×10-19m	18,014,398,509,481,984
17	55	3.60287970×1016	5.82297404×10-19m	36,028,797,018,963,968
18	56	7.205759840×1016	1.16459481×10-18m	72,057,594,037,927,936
18	57	1.44115188×1017	2.32918962×10-18m	144,115,188,075,855,872
18	58	2.88230376×10 17	4.65837924×10-18m	288,230,376,151,711,744
18	59	5.76460752×1017	9.31675848×10-18m	576,460,752,303,423,488
19	60	1.15292150×1018	1.86335169×10-17m	1,152,921,504,606,846,976
19	61	2.30584300×1018	3.72670339×10-17m	2,305,843,009,213,693,952
19	62	4.61168601×1018	7.45340678×10-17m	4,611,686,018,427,387,904
20	63	9.22337203×1018	1.49068136×10-16m	9,223,372,036,854,775,808
20	64	1.84467440×1019	2.98136272×10-16m	18,446,744,073,709,551,616
20	65	3.68934881×1019	5.96272544×10-16m	36,893,488,147,419,103,232
21	66	7.37869762×1019	1.19254509×10-15m	73,786,976,294,838,206,464
21	67	1.47573952×1020	2.38509018×10-15m	147,573,952,589,676,412,928
21	67	1.47573952×1020	2.38509018×10-15m	147,573,952,589,676,412,928
21	68	2.95147905×1020	4.77018036×10-15m	295,147,905,179,352,825,856
21	69	5.90295810×1020	9.54036072×10-15m	590,295,810,358,705,651,712
22	70	1.18059162×1021	1.90807214×10-14m	1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
22	71	2.36118324×1021	3.81614428×10-14m	2,361,183,241,434,822,606,848
22	72	4.72236648×1021	7.63228856×10-14m	4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696
23	73	9.44473296×1021	1.52645771×10-13m	9,444,732,965,739,290,427,392
23	74	1.88894659×1022	3.05291542×10-13m	18,889,465,931,478,580,854,784
23	75	3.77789318×1022	6.10583084×10-13m	37,778,931,862,957,161,709,568
24	76	7.55578637×1022	1.22116617×10-12m	75,557,863,725,914,323,419,136
24	77	1.51115727×1023	2.44233234×10-12m	151,115,727,451,828,646,838,272
24	78	3.02231454×1023	4.88466468×10-12m	302,231,454,903,657,293,676,544
24	79	6.04462909×1023	9.76932936×10-12m	604,462,909,807,314,587,353,088
25	80	1.20892581×1024	1.95386587×10-11m	1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
25	81	2.41785163×1024	3.90773174×10-11m	2,417,851,639,229,258,349,412,352>
25	82	4.83570327×1024	7.81546348×10-11m	4,835,703,278,458,516,698,824,704
_	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
26	83	9.67140655×1024	.156309264 nanometers or 1.56309264×10-10m	9,671,406,556,917,033,397,649,408
26	84	1.93428131×1025	.312618528 nanometers	19,342,813,113,834,066,795,298,816
26	85	3.86856262×1025	.625237056 nanometers	38,685,626,227,668,133,590,597,632
	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
27	86	7.73712524×1025	1.25047411 nanometers or or 1.25047411×10-9m	77,371,252,455,336,267,181,195,264
27	87	1.54742504×1026	2.50094822 nanometers	154,742,504,910,672,534,362,390,528
27	88	3.09485009×1026	5.00189644 nanometers	309,485,009,821,345,068,724,781,056
	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
28	89	6.18970019×1026	10.0037929 nanometers or 1.00037929×10-8m	618,970,019,642,690,137,449,562,112
28	90	1.23794003×1027	20.0075858 nanometers	1,237,940,039,285,380,274,899,124,224
28	91	2.47588007×1027	40.0151716 nanometers	2,475,880,078,570,760,549,798,248,448
28	92	4.95176015×1027	80.0303432 nanometers	4,951,760,157,141,521,099,596,496,896
	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
29	93	9.90352031×1027	160.060686 nanometers or 1.60060686×10-7m	9,903,520,314,283,042,199,192,993,792
29	94	1.98070406×1028	320.121372 nanometers	19,807,040,628,566,084,398,385,987,584
29	95	3.96140812×1028	640.242744 nanometers	39,614,081,257,132,168,796,771,975,168
	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
30	96	7.92281625×1028	1.28048549 microns or 1.28048549×10-6m	79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336
30	97	1.58456325×1029	2.56097098 microns	158,456,325,028,528,675,187,087,900,672
30	98	3.16912662×1029	5.12194196 microns	316,912,650,057,057,350,374,175,801,344
_	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
31	99	6.33825324×1029	10.2438839 microns or 1.02438839×10-5m	633,825,300,114,114,700,748,351,602,688
31	100	1.26765065×1030	20.4877678 microns	1,267,650,600,228,229,401,496,703,205,376
31	101	2.53530130×1030	40.9755356 microns	2,535,301,200,456,458,802,993,406,410,752
31	102	5.07060260×1030	81.9510712 microns	5,070,602,400,912,917,605,986,812,821,504
_	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
32	103	1.01412052×1031	.163902142 millimeters or 1.63902142×10-4m	10,141,204,801,825,835,211,973,625,643,008
32	104	2.02824104×1031	.327804284 millimeters	20,282,409,603,651,670,423,947,251,286,016
32	105	4.05648208×1031	.655608568 millimeters	40,564,819,207,303,340,847,894,502,572,032
_	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
33	106	8.11296416×1031	1.31121714 millimeters or 1.31121714×10-3m	81,129,638,414,606,681,695,789,005,144,064
33	107	1.62259276×1032	2.62243428 millimeters	162,259,276,829,213,363,391,578,010,288,128
33	108	3.24518553×1032	5.24486856 millimeters	324,518,553,658,426,726,783,156,020,576,256
	_	_________________	______________________	________________________
34	109	6.49037107×1032	1.04897375 centimeters or 1.04897375×10-2m	649,037,107,316,853,453,566,312,041,152,512
34	110	1.29807421×1033	2.09794742 centimeters	1,298,074,214,633,706,907,132,624,082,305,024
34	111	2.59614842×1033	4.19589484 centimeters	<2,596,148,429,267,413,814,265,248,164,610,048
34	112	5.19229685×1033	8.39178968 centimeters	5,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096
35	113	1.03845937×1034	16.7835794 centimeters or 1.67835794×10-1m	10,384,593,717,069,655,257,060,992,65844,0192
35	114	2.0769437×1034	33.5671588 centimeters	20,769,187,434,139,310,514,121,985,316,880,384
35	115	4.1538374×1034	67.1343176 centimeters	41,538,374,868,278,621,028,243,970,633,760,768
36	116	8.3076749×1034	1.3426864 meters or 52.86 inches	83,076,749,736,557,242,056,487,941,267,521,536
36	116	8.3076749×1034	1.3426864 meters or 52.86 inches	83,076,749,736,557,242,056,487,941,267,521,536
36	117	1.66153499×1035	2.6853728 meters	166,153,499,473,114,484,112,975,882,535,043,072
36	118	3.32306998×1035	5.3707456 meters	332,306,998,946,228,968,225,951,765,070,086,144
37	119	6.64613997×1035	10.7414912 meters	664,613,997,892,457,936,451,903,530,140,172,288
37	120	1.32922799×1036	21.4829824 meters	1,329,227,995,784,915,872,903,807,060,280,344,576
37	121	2.65845599×1036	42.9659648 meters	2,658,455,991,569,831,745,807,614,120,560,689,152
37	122	5.31691198×1036	85.9319296 meters	5,316,911,983,139,663,491,615,228,241,121,378,304
38	123	1.06338239×1037	171.86386 meters	10,633,823,966,279,326,983,230,456,482,242,756,608
38	124	2.12676479×1037	343.72772 meters	21,267,647,932,558,653,966,460,912,964,485,513,216
38	125	4.25352958×1037	687.455439 meters	42,535,295,865,117,307,932,921,825,928,971,026,432
39	126	8.50705917×1037	1.37491087 kilometers	85,070,591,730,234,615,865,843,651,857,942,052,864
39	127	1.70141183×1038	2.74982174 kilometers	170,141,183,460,469,231,731,687,303,715,884,105,728
39	128	3.40282366×1038	5.49964348 kilometers	340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456
40	129	6.04462936×1038	10.999287 kilometers	680,564,733,841,876,926,926,749,214,863,536,422,912
40	130	1.36112946×1039	21.998574 kilometers	1,361,129,467,683,753,853,853,498,429,727,072,845,824
40	131	2.72225893×1039	43.997148 kilometers	2,722,258,935,367,507,707,706,996,859,454,145,691,648
40	132	5.44451787×1039	87.994296 kilometers	5,444,517,870,735,015,415,413,993,718,908,291,383,296
41	133	1.08890357×1040	175.988592 kilometers	10,889,035,741,470,030,830,827,987,437,816,582,766,592
41	134	2.17780714×1040	351.977184 kilometers	21,778,071,482,940,061,661,655,974,875,633,165,33184
41	135	4.355614296×1040	703.954368 kilometers	43,556,142,965,880,123,323,311,949,751,266,331,066,368
42	136	8.711228593×1040	1407.90874 kilometers	87,112,285,931,760,246,646,623,899,502,532,662,132,736
42	137	1.742245718×1041	2815.81748 kilometers	174,224,571,863,520,493,293,247,799,005,065,324,265,472
41	134	2.17780714×1040	351.977184 kilometers	21,778,071,482,940,061,661,655,974,875,633,165,33184
41	135	4.355614296×1040	703.954368 kilometers	43,556,142,965,880,123,323,311,949,751,266,331,066,368
42	136	8.711228593×1040	1407.90874 kilometers	87,112,285,931,760,246,646,623,899,502,532,662,132,736
42	137	1.742245718×1041	2815.81748 kilometers	174,224,571,863,520,493,293,247,799,005,065,324,265,472
42	138	3.484491437×1041	5631.63496 kilometers	348,449,143,727,040,986,586,495,598,010,130,648,530,944
43	139	6.18970044×1041	11,263.2699 kilometers	696,898,287,454,081,973,172,991,196,020,261,297,061,888
43	140	1.23794009×1042	22,526.5398 kilometers	1,393,796,574,908,163,946,345,982,392,040,522,594,123,776
43	141	2.47588018×1042	45 053.079 kilometers	2,787,593,149,816,327,892,691,964,784,081,045,188,247,552
43	142	4.95176036×1042	90 106.158 kilometers	5,575,186,299,632,655,785,383,929,568,162,090,376,495,104
44	143	1.11503726×1043	180,212.316 kilometers	11,150,372,599,265,311,570,767,859,136,324,180,752,990,208
44	144	2.23007451×1043	360,424.632 kilometers	22,300,745,198,530,623,141,535,718,272,648,361,505,980,416
44	145	4.46014903×1043	720,849.264 kilometers	44,601,490,397,061,246,283,071,436,545,296,723,011,960,832
45	146	8.9202980×1043	1,441,698.55 kilometers	89,202,980,794,122,492,566,142,873,090,593,446,023,921,664
45	147	1.78405961×1044	2,883,397.1 kilometers	178,405,961,588,244,985,132,285,746,181,186,892,047,843,328
45	148	3.56811923×1044	5,766,794.2 kilometers	356811923176489970264571492362373784095686656
46	149	7.13623846×1044	11,533,588.4 kilometers	713623846352979940529142984724747568191373312
46	150	1.42724769×1045	23,067,176.8 kilometers	1427247692705959881058285969449495136382746624
46	151	2.85449538×1045	46,134,353.6 kilometers	2,854,495,385,411,919,762,116,571,938,898,990,272,765,493,248
46	152	5.70899077×1045	92,268,707.1 kilometers	5708990770823839524233143877797980545530986496
47	153	1.14179815×1046	184,537,414 kilometers	11417981541647679048466287755595961091061972992
47	154	2.28359638×1046	369,074,829 kilometers	22835963083295358096932575511191922182123945984
47	155	4.56719261×1046	738,149,657 kilometers	45671926166590716193865151022383844364247891968
48	156	9.13438523×1046	1.47629931×1012 meters	91343852333181432387730302044767688728495783936
48	157	1.826877046×1047	2.95259863×1012 meters	182687704666362864775460604089535377456991567872
48	158	3.653754093×1047	5.90519726×1012 meters	365375409332725729550921208179070754913983135744
49	159	7.307508186×1047	1.18103945×1013 meters	730750818665451459101842416358141509827966271488
49	160	1.461501637×1048	2.36207882 ×1013m	1461501637330902918203684832716283019655932542976
49	161	2.923003274×1048	4.72415764 ×1013m	2923003274661805836407369665432566039311865085952
49	162	5.846006549×1048	9.44831528 ×1013m	5846006549323611672814739330865132078623730171904
50	163	1.16920130×1049	1.88966306×1014m	11692013098647223345629478661730264157247460343808
50	164	2.33840261×1049	3.77932612×1014m	23384026197294446691258957323460528314494920687616
50	165	4.67680523×1049	7.55865224×1014m	46768052394588893382517914646921056628989841375232
51	166	9.35361047×1049	1.5117305×1015m	93536104789177786765035829293842113257979682750464
51	167	1.87072209×1050	3.0234609×1015m	187072209578355573530071658587684226515959365500928
51	168	3.74144419×1050	6.0469218×1015m	374144419156711147060143317175368453031918731001856
52	169	7.48288838×1050	1.20938436×1016m	748288838313422294120286634350736906063837462003712
52	170	1.49657767×1051	2.41876872×1016m	1496577676626844588240573268701473812127674924007424
52	171	2.99315535×1051	4.83753744 ×1016m	2993155353253689176481146537402947624255349848014848
52	172	5.98631070×1051	9.67507488 ×1016m	5986310706507378352962293074805895248510699696029696
53	173	1.19726214×1052	1.93501504 ×1017m	11972621413014756705924586149611790497021399392059392
53	174	2.39452428×1052	3.87002996 ×1017m	23945242826029513411849172299223580994042798784118784
53	175	4.78904856×1052	7.74005992 ×1017m	47890485652059026823698344598447161988085597568237568
54	176	9.57809713×1052	1.54801198×1018m	95780971304118053647396689196894323976171195136475136
54	177	1.91561942×1053	3.09602396×1018m	191561942608236107294793378393788647952342390272950272
54	178	3.83123885×1053	6.19204792×1018m	383123885216472214589586756787577295904684780545900544
55	179	7.66247770×1053	1.23840958×1019m	766247770432944429179173513575154591809369561091801088
55	180	1.53249554×1054	2.47681916×1019m	1532495540865888858358347027150309183618739122183602176
55	181	3.06499108×1054	4.95363832×1019m	3064991081731777716716694054300618367237478244367204352
55	182	6.12998216×1054	9.90727664×1019m	6129982163463555433433388108601236734474956488734408704
56	183	1.22599643×1055	1.981455338×1020m	12259964326927110866866776217202473468949912977468817408
56	184	2.45199286×1055	3.96291068×1020m	24519928653854221733733552434404946937899825954937634816
56	185	4.90398573×1055	7.92582136×1020m	49039857307708443467467104868809893875799651909875269632
57	186	9.80797146×1055	1.58516432×1021m	98079714615416886934934209737619787751599303819750539264
57	187	1.96159429×1056	3.17032864×1021m	196159429230833773869868419475239575503198607639501078528
57	188	3.92318858×1056	6.34065727 ×1021m	392318858461667547739736838950479151006397215279002157056
58	189	7.84637716×1056	1.26813145 ×1022m	784637716923335095479473677900958302012794430558004314112
58	190	1.56927543×1057	2.53626284×1022m	1569275433846670190958947355801916604025588861116008628224
58	191	3.13855086×1057	5.07252568×1022m	3138550867693340381917894711603833208051177722232017256448
59	192	6.27710173×1057	1.01450514×1023m	6277101735386680763835789423207666416102355444464034512896
59	193	1.25542034×1058	2.02901033×1023m	12554203470773361527671578846415332832204710888928069025792
59	194	2.51084069×1058	4.05802056×1023m	25108406941546723055343157692830665664409421777856138051584
59	195	5.02168138×1058	8.11604112×1023m	50216813883093446110686315385661331328818843555712276103168
60	196	1.00433628×1059	1.62320822×1024m	100433627766186892221372630771322662657637687111424552206336
60	197	2.0086725×1059	3.24641644×1024m	200867255532373784442745261542645325315275374222849104412672
60	198	4.01734511×1059	6.49283305×1024m	401734511064747568885490523085290650630550748445698208825344
61	199	8.03469022×1059	1.29856658×1025m	803469022129495137770981046170581301261101496891396417650688
61	200	1.60693804×1060	2.59713316×1025m	1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376
61	201	3.21387608×1060	5.19426632×1025m	3213876088517980551083924184682325205044405987565585670602752
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62	202	6.42775217×1060	1.03885326×1026 meters	6427752177035961102167848369364650410088811975131171341205504
62	203	1.28555043×1061	2.07770658×1026 meters	12855504354071922204335696738729300820177623950262342682411008
62	204	2.57110087×1061	4.15541315×1026 meters	25711008708143844408671393477458601640355247900524685364822016
62	205	5.14220174×1061	8.31082608×1026 meters	5142201741628768881734278695491720328071049580104937072964403